Unhealthy dietary habits are considered as the primary cause of multiple chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The automatic food intake monitoring system has the potential to improve the quality of life (QoF) of people with dietary related diseases through dietary assessment. In this work, we propose a novel contact-less radar-based food intake monitoring approach. Specifically, a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensor is employed to recognize fine-grained eating and drinking gestures. The fine-grained eating/drinking gesture contains a series of movement from raising the hand to the mouth until putting away the hand from the mouth. A 3D temporal convolutional network (3D-TCN) is developed to detect and segment eating and drinking gestures in meal sessions by processing the Range-Doppler Cube (RD Cube). Unlike previous radar-based research, this work collects data in continuous meal sessions. We create a public dataset that contains 48 meal sessions (3121 eating gestures and 608 drinking gestures) from 48 participants with a total duration of 783 minutes. Four eating styles (fork & knife, chopsticks, spoon, hand) are included in this dataset. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, 8-fold cross validation method is applied. Experimental results show that our proposed 3D-TCN outperforms the model that combines a convolutional neural network and a long-short-term-memory network (CNN-LSTM), and also the CNN-Bidirectional LSTM model (CNN-BiLSTM) in eating and drinking gesture detection. The 3D-TCN model achieves a segmental F1-score of 0.887 and 0.844 for eating and drinking gestures, respectively. The results of the proposed approach indicate the feasibility of using radar for fine-grained eating and drinking gesture detection and segmentation in meal sessions.
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Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.
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Cement is the most used construction material. The performance of cement hydrate depends on the constituent phases, viz. alite, belite, aluminate, and ferrites present in the cement clinker, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Traditionally, clinker phases are analyzed from optical images relying on a domain expert and simple image processing techniques. However, the non-uniformity of the images, variations in the geometry and size of the phases, and variabilities in the experimental approaches and imaging methods make it challenging to obtain the phases. Here, we present a machine learning (ML) approach to detect clinker microstructure phases automatically. To this extent, we create the first annotated dataset of cement clinker by segmenting alite and belite particles. Further, we use supervised ML methods to train models for identifying alite and belite regions. Specifically, we finetune the image detection and segmentation model Detectron-2 on the cement microstructure to develop a model for detecting the cement phases, namely, Cementron. We demonstrate that Cementron, trained only on literature data, works remarkably well on new images obtained from our experiments, demonstrating its generalizability. We make Cementron available for public use.
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机器学习潜力是分子模拟的重要工具,但是由于缺乏高质量数据集来训练它们的发展,它们的开发阻碍了它们。我们描述了Spice数据集,这是一种新的量子化学数据集,用于训练与模拟与蛋白质相互作用的药物样的小分子相关的潜在。它包含超过110万个小分子,二聚体,二肽和溶剂化氨基酸的构象。它包括15个元素,带电和未充电的分子以及广泛的共价和非共价相互作用。它提供了在{\ omega} b97m-d3(bj)/def2-tzVPPD理论水平以及其他有用的数量(例如多极矩和键阶)上计算出的力和能量。我们在其上训练一组机器学习潜力,并证明它们可以在化学空间的广泛区域中实现化学精度。它可以作为创建可转移的,准备使用潜在功能用于分子模拟的宝贵资源。
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人们最近开始通过社交网站上用户生成的多媒体材料来传达自己的思想和观点。此信息可以是图像,文本,视频或音频。近年来,这种模式的发生频率有所增加。 Twitter是最广泛使用的社交媒体网站之一,它也是最好的地点之一,可以使人们对与蒙基波疾病有关的事件有一种了解。这是因为Twitter上的推文被缩短并经常更新,这两者都促成了平台的角色。这项研究的基本目标是对人们对这种情况的存在的各种反应进行更深入的理解。这项研究重点是找出个人对猴蛋白酶疾病的看法,该疾病介绍了基于CNN和LSTM的混合技术。我们已经考虑了用户推文的所有三个可能的极性:正,负和中立。使用CNN和LSTM构建的架构来确定预测模型的准确性。推荐模型的准确性在Monkeypox Tweet数据集上为94%。其他性能指标(例如准确性,召回和F1得分)也用于测试我们的模型和最大程度和资源有效的方式。然后将发现与更传统的机器学习方法进行比较。这项研究的发现有助于提高对普通人群中蒙基托感染的认识。
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语言模型既展示了定量的改进,又展示了新的定性功能,随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响,但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息,为破坏性的新模型能力做准备,并改善社会有害的效果,至关重要的是,我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准(Big Bench)。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成,由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的,从语言学,儿童发展,数学,常识性推理,生物学,物理学,社会偏见,软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号,Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为,跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外,一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务,以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括:模型性能和校准都随规模改善,但绝对的术语(以及与评估者的性能相比);在模型类中的性能非常相似,尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分,而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标;社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加,但这可以通过提示来改善。
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神经网络和相关的深度学习方法目前处于用于分类对象的技术的前沿。但是,他们通常需要大量的时间和模型培训数据。他们学到的模型有时很难解释。在本文中,我们推进了FastMAPSVM(用于对复杂对象进行分类的可解释的机器学习框架),这是用于通用分类任务的神经网络的有利替代方法。 FastMAPSVM通过组合FastMap和SVM的互补强度,将支持矢量机(SVM)(SVM)的适用性扩展到具有复杂对象的域。 FastMap是一种有效的线性时间算法,该算法将复杂的对象映射到欧几里得空间中的指向,同时保留它们之间的成对域特异性距离。我们证明了FastMAPSVM在分类地震图的背景下的效率和有效性。我们表明,就精确,回忆和准确性而言,其性能与其他最先进的方法相当。但是,与其他方法相比,FastMAPSVM对模型培训的时间和数据量明显较小。它还提供了对象及其之间的分类边界的明显可视化。我们希望FastMAPSVM可行对于许多其他实际域中的分类任务。
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超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害,数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的,而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统,可以监控,汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性,可操作和及时的见解。在这里,我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要,以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年,生物监测技术,生物标志科学,航天器硬件,智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟,并编织成精确的空间健康系统,以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。
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空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响,制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识,最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物,农作物,微生物,动物和人类的生态系统,为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标,该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验,平台,数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外,实验和平台必须是最大自主,光,敏捷和智能化,以加快知识发现。在这里,我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能,机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要,这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中,将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解,促进预测性建模和分析,支持最大自主和可重复的实验,并有效地管理星载数据和元数据,所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。
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CMOS传感器采用行明智的采集机制,同时成像一个场景,这可能导致已知被称为捕获图像中的滚动快门(RS)失真的不希望的运动伪影。现有的单图像RS整流方法尝试通过使用针对特定的场景量身定制的算法来计算这些扭曲,该算法根据具有已知的地面真理运动参数的内在相机参数或基于学习的框架的信息。在本文中,我们提出了一个端到端的深神经网络,用于单幅图像RS整流的具有挑战性的任务。我们的网络由运动块,轨迹模块,行块,RS整流模块和RS再生模块(仅在训练期间使用)组成。当轨迹模块将估计的运动参数拟合到三阶多项式时,运动块预测输入RS失真图像的每一行的摄像机姿势。行块预测必须与目标I.E中的每个像素相关联的相机运动,RS整流图像。最后,RS整流模块使用运动轨迹和行块的输出来扭曲输入RS图像以到达畸变互联图像。为了在训练期间更快的收敛,我们还使用RS再生模块,该RS再生模块将输入RS图像与估计的运动参数失真的地面真理图像进行比较。我们模型中的端到端制定不会将估计的动作限制为地面真理运动参数,从而成功地将RS图像与复杂的现实生活相机运动进行了整理。合成和实时数据集的实验表明,我们的网络在定性和定量上占据了现有技术的现有技术。
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